Stress testing new hard drives in Ubuntu
Most computer new computer hardware that will fail quickly, will fail within the first month of usage, if not sooner.
Given that, it's recommended to do a burn-in test for any new computer hardware, including hard drives.
I've been using a disk burn-in test to stress test hard drives as I've been replacing them in my ZFS pool.
Once they pass the stress test, then they get added to the ZFS pool.
Less time to process a RMA for a drive not in my ZFS pool than to add it to the pool, it fails, then waiting for RMA, only to add it in again.
Most of the stress testing tools for hard drives requires you to boot from a USB stick, which takes my entire NAS out of commission while it runs.
I came across Spearfoot's shell script that does a burn-in test, but using a shell script, which leaves my NAS up and running while the drive is tested.
Download the disk burn-in script and check recommended block size
Download the disk burn-in script:
git clone https://github.com/Spearfoot/disk-burnin-and-testing.git
Perform a dry run of the script
By default, the script only does a dry run, as a non-dry run is destructive to any data on the disk.
sudo disk-burnin-and-testing/disk-burnin.sh /dev/sdc
Run the script
Double and triple check the drive mapping, as this test will destroy ALL data on the disk !!
As this test can take awhile, especially with the 10Tb drives I'm installing, I would suggest using tmux.
sudo disk-burnin-and-testing/disk-burnin.sh -f /dev/sdc
For a 10Tb drive, it takes almost SIX (yes 6) days to run.
-
The
smartctlshort test takes 2 minutes. -
The
badblockswrites, then reads, 4 different patters to the drive, and each write/read pattern takes 26 hours. -
Finally the
smartctllong test takes 18 hours.
From the resulting burnin log file:
grep "^+" burnin-WDC_WD102KFBX-68M95N0_VHGR4WUM.log
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Started burn-in: Sat Feb 18 07:14:17 PM MST 2023
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Running SMART short test: Sat Feb 18 07:14:18 PM MST 2023
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Running badblocks test: Sat Feb 18 07:16:18 PM MST 2023
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Running SMART long test: Thu Feb 23 07:48:01 AM MST 2023
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Drive information: Fri Feb 24 01:33:01 AM MST 2023
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finished burn-in: Fri Feb 24 01:33:01 AM MST 2023
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yes, it's a long test to run, but worth the piece of mind that comes with having tested hardware in my NAS.
Full output of the burnin log file:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Started burn-in: Sat Feb 18 07:14:17 PM MST 2023
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Host: nas
OS: Linux
Drive: /dev/sdc
Disk Type: 7200_rpm
Drive Model: WDC_WD102KFBX-68M95N0
Serial Number: VHGR4WUM
Short test duration: 2 minutes
120 seconds
Extended test duration: 1065 minutes
63900 seconds
Log file: /home/tom/disk-burnin-and-testing/burnin-WDC_WD102KFBX-68M95N0_VHGR4WUM.log
Bad blocks file: /home/tom/disk-burnin-and-testing/burnin-WDC_WD102KFBX-68M95N0_VHGR4WUM.bb
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Running SMART short test: Sat Feb 18 07:14:18 PM MST 2023
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SMART short test started, awaiting completion for 120 seconds ...
SMART self-test succeeded
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-60-generic] (local build)
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 7 -
Finished SMART short test
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Running badblocks test: Sat Feb 18 07:16:18 PM MST 2023
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Finished badblocks test
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Running SMART long test: Thu Feb 23 07:48:01 AM MST 2023
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SMART long test started, awaiting completion for 63900 seconds ...
SMART self-test succeeded
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-60-generic] (local build)
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 132 -
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 7 -
Finished SMART long test
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Drive information: Fri Feb 24 01:33:01 AM MST 2023
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-60-generic] (local build)
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: WDC WD102KFBX-68M95N0
Serial Number: VHGR4WUM
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 0c8ca128c
Firmware Version: 83.00A83
User Capacity: 10,000,831,348,736 bytes [10.0 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri Feb 24 01:33:01 2023 MST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
AAM feature is: Unavailable
APM level is: 164 (intermediate level without standby)
Rd look-ahead is: Enabled
Write cache is: Enabled
DSN feature is: Unavailable
ATA Security is: Disabled, NOT FROZEN [SEC1]
Wt Cache Reorder: Enabled
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 87) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: (1065) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAGS VALUE WORST THRESH FAIL RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate PO-R-- 100 100 016 - 0
2 Throughput_Performance --S--- 132 132 054 - 96
3 Spin_Up_Time POS--- 100 100 024 - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count -O--C- 100 100 000 - 2
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct PO--CK 100 100 005 - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate -O-R-- 100 100 067 - 0x000000000000
8 Seek_Time_Performance --S--- 128 128 020 - 18
9 Power_On_Hours -O--C- 100 100 000 - 133
10 Spin_Retry_Count -O--C- 100 100 060 - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count -O--CK 100 100 000 - 2
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count -O--CK 100 100 000 - 3
193 Load_Cycle_Count -O--C- 100 100 000 - 3
194 Temperature_Celsius -O---- 176 176 000 - 34 (Min/Max 22/37)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count -O--CK 100 100 000 - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector -O---K 100 100 000 - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable ---R-- 100 100 000 - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count -O-R-- 200 200 000 - 0
||||||_ K auto-keep
|||||__ C event count
||||___ R error rate
|||____ S speed/performance
||_____ O updated online
|______ P prefailure warning
General Purpose Log Directory Version 1
SMART Log Directory Version 1 [multi-sector log support]
Address Access R/W Size Description
0x00 GPL,SL R/O 1 Log Directory
0x01 SL R/O 1 Summary SMART error log
0x02 SL R/O 1 Comprehensive SMART error log
0x03 GPL R/O 1 Ext. Comprehensive SMART error log
0x04 GPL R/O 256 Device Statistics log
0x04 SL R/O 255 Device Statistics log
0x06 SL R/O 1 SMART self-test log
0x07 GPL R/O 1 Extended self-test log
0x08 GPL R/O 2 Power Conditions log
0x09 SL R/W 1 Selective self-test log
0x0c GPL R/O 5501 Pending Defects log
0x10 GPL R/O 1 NCQ Command Error log
0x11 GPL R/O 1 SATA Phy Event Counters log
0x12 GPL R/O 1 SATA NCQ Non-Data log
0x13 GPL R/O 1 SATA NCQ Send and Receive log
0x15 GPL R/W 1 Rebuild Assist log
0x21 GPL R/O 1 Write stream error log
0x22 GPL R/O 1 Read stream error log
0x24 GPL R/O 256 Current Device Internal Status Data log
0x25 GPL R/O 256 Saved Device Internal Status Data log
0x2f GPL - 1 Set Sector Configuration
0x30 GPL,SL R/O 9 IDENTIFY DEVICE data log
0x80-0x9f GPL,SL R/W 16 Host vendor specific log
0xe0 GPL,SL R/W 1 SCT Command/Status
0xe1 GPL,SL R/W 1 SCT Data Transfer
SMART Extended Comprehensive Error Log Version: 1 (1 sectors)
No Errors Logged
SMART Extended Self-test Log Version: 1 (1 sectors)
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 132 -
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 7 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
SCT Status Version: 3
SCT Version (vendor specific): 256 (0x0100)
Device State: Active (0)
Current Temperature: 34 Celsius
Power Cycle Min/Max Temperature: 33/37 Celsius
Lifetime Min/Max Temperature: 22/37 Celsius
Under/Over Temperature Limit Count: 0/0
SCT Temperature History Version: 2
Temperature Sampling Period: 1 minute
Temperature Logging Interval: 1 minute
Min/Max recommended Temperature: 0/60 Celsius
Min/Max Temperature Limit: -40/70 Celsius
Temperature History Size (Index): 128 (104)
Index Estimated Time Temperature Celsius
105 2023-02-23 23:26 35 ****************
... ..( 6 skipped). .. ****************
112 2023-02-23 23:33 35 ****************
113 2023-02-23 23:34 34 ***************
... ..( 82 skipped). .. ***************
68 2023-02-24 00:57 34 ***************
69 2023-02-24 00:58 33 **************
70 2023-02-24 00:59 34 ***************
... ..( 32 skipped). .. ***************
103 2023-02-24 01:32 34 ***************
104 2023-02-24 01:33 35 ****************
SCT Error Recovery Control:
Read: 70 (7.0 seconds)
Write: 70 (7.0 seconds)
Device Statistics (GP Log 0x04)
Page Offset Size Value Flags Description
0x01 ===== = = === == General Statistics (rev 1) ==
0x01 0x008 4 2 --- Lifetime Power-On Resets
0x01 0x010 4 133 --- Power-on Hours
0x01 0x018 6 78131494912 --- Logical Sectors Written
0x01 0x020 6 152600576 --- Number of Write Commands
0x01 0x028 6 78131522007 --- Logical Sectors Read
0x01 0x030 6 152601261 --- Number of Read Commands
0x01 0x038 6 480455900 --- Date and Time TimeStamp
0x03 ===== = = === == Rotating Media Statistics (rev 1) ==
0x03 0x008 4 50 --- Spindle Motor Power-on Hours
0x03 0x010 4 50 --- Head Flying Hours
0x03 0x018 4 3 --- Head Load Events
0x03 0x020 4 0 --- Number of Reallocated Logical Sectors
0x03 0x028 4 0 --- Read Recovery Attempts
0x03 0x030 4 0 --- Number of Mechanical Start Failures
0x04 ===== = = === == General Errors Statistics (rev 1) ==
0x04 0x008 4 0 --- Number of Reported Uncorrectable Errors
0x04 0x010 4 0 --- Resets Between Cmd Acceptance and Completion
0x05 ===== = = === == Temperature Statistics (rev 1) ==
0x05 0x008 1 34 --- Current Temperature
0x05 0x010 1 34 N-- Average Short Term Temperature
0x05 0x018 1 - N-- Average Long Term Temperature
0x05 0x020 1 37 --- Highest Temperature
0x05 0x028 1 22 --- Lowest Temperature
0x05 0x030 1 35 N-- Highest Average Short Term Temperature
0x05 0x038 1 25 N-- Lowest Average Short Term Temperature
0x05 0x040 1 - N-- Highest Average Long Term Temperature
0x05 0x048 1 - N-- Lowest Average Long Term Temperature
0x05 0x050 4 0 --- Time in Over-Temperature
0x05 0x058 1 60 --- Specified Maximum Operating Temperature
0x05 0x060 4 0 --- Time in Under-Temperature
0x05 0x068 1 0 --- Specified Minimum Operating Temperature
0x06 ===== = = === == Transport Statistics (rev 1) ==
0x06 0x008 4 8 --- Number of Hardware Resets
0x06 0x010 4 2 --- Number of ASR Events
0x06 0x018 4 0 --- Number of Interface CRC Errors
0xff ===== = = === == Vendor Specific Statistics (rev 1) ==
|||_ C monitored condition met
||__ D supports DSN
|___ N normalized value
Pending Defects log (GP Log 0x0c)
No Defects Logged
SATA Phy Event Counters (GP Log 0x11)
ID Size Value Description
0x0001 2 0 Command failed due to ICRC error
0x0002 2 0 R_ERR response for data FIS
0x0003 2 0 R_ERR response for device-to-host data FIS
0x0004 2 0 R_ERR response for host-to-device data FIS
0x0005 2 0 R_ERR response for non-data FIS
0x0006 2 0 R_ERR response for device-to-host non-data FIS
0x0007 2 0 R_ERR response for host-to-device non-data FIS
0x0008 2 0 Device-to-host non-data FIS retries
0x0009 2 2 Transition from drive PhyRdy to drive PhyNRdy
0x000a 2 3 Device-to-host register FISes sent due to a COMRESET
0x000b 2 0 CRC errors within host-to-device FIS
0x000d 2 0 Non-CRC errors within host-to-device FIS
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Finished burn-in: Fri Feb 24 01:33:01 AM MST 2023
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
If you have a new system, you can run this test on each hard drive concurrently.
References
Spearfoot / disk-burnin-and-testing https://github.com/Spearfoot/disk-burnin-and-testing